Professional and Linguistic Assessments Board (PLAB) Practice Exam

Berry aneurysms are a common complication associated with which disease?

1. Type 2 diabetes

2. Fibromuscular dysplasia

3. Polycystic kidney disease

4. Hypertension

The correct answer is: Polycystic kidney disease

Berry aneurysms, which are small saccular outpocketings typically found at arterial bifurcations in the circle of Willis in the brain, are most commonly associated with polycystic kidney disease (PKD). This condition is characterized by the growth of numerous cysts in the kidneys, leading to various complications, one of which includes an increased risk for the formation of berry aneurysms. The association between PKD and berry aneurysms can be explained by a genetic predisposition, as both conditions are hereditary. Patients with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) have a significantly higher prevalence of intracranial aneurysms compared to the general population, making the detection and management of such aneurysms particularly important in these individuals. While other conditions like fibromuscular dysplasia and hypertension can also lead to vascular complications, they do not have the same strong, established connection with berry aneurysms as seen in polycystic kidney disease. Type 2 diabetes is not typically associated with the development of berry aneurysms either. Therefore, polycystic kidney disease stands out as the correct answer in this context.