Professional and Linguistic Assessments Board (PLAB) Practice Exam

Gingival hyperplasia can be caused by which of the following medications?

1. Antidepressants

2. Phenytoin, ciclosporin, calcium channel blockers, and AML

3. NSAIDs

4. Antihistamines

The correct answer is: Phenytoin, ciclosporin, calcium channel blockers, and AML

Gingival hyperplasia is an overgrowth of the gum tissue, and certain medications are known to induce this condition as a side effect. The medications listed in the correct choice, including phenytoin, ciclosporin, and calcium channel blockers, are well-documented for their association with gingival hyperplasia. Phenytoin, an anticonvulsant, is frequently associated with this condition, particularly in patients with long-term use. It is thought to affect the proliferation of gingival tissues. Ciclosporin, an immunosuppressant commonly used to prevent organ transplant rejection, can also lead to gum overgrowth due to its effects on tissue metabolism and immune reaction. Calcium channel blockers, which are often prescribed for hypertension and certain heart conditions, have also been linked to gingival hyperplasia as they can promote the growth of connective tissue in the gums. The other options do not have a strong association with gingival hyperplasia. While some antidepressants, NSAIDs, and antihistamines can cause various side effects, they are not primarily known for causing gum overgrowth in the same way as the medications listed in the correct choice. Thus, the medications identified in the correct answer are specifically noted in dental literature for their role in