Professional and Linguistic Assessments Board (PLAB) Practice Exam

The primary use of fludrocortisone is to manage which condition?

1. Hypothyroidism

2. Hypertension

3. Adrenal insufficiency

4. Type 2 diabetes

The correct answer is: Adrenal insufficiency

Fludrocortisone is primarily used to manage adrenal insufficiency, particularly in conditions like Addison's disease. This synthetic corticosteroid plays a crucial role in replacing the mineralocorticoid hormones that are deficient in individuals with adrenal insufficiency. It works by helping to regulate electrolyte balance, particularly sodium and potassium, which are vital for maintaining blood pressure and fluid balance in the body. In patients with adrenal insufficiency, the adrenal glands do not produce sufficient amounts of cortisol and aldosterone, leading to various symptoms such as fatigue, weakness, and low blood pressure. Administering fludrocortisone helps to alleviate these symptoms by mimicking the action of aldosterone, promoting sodium retention and potassium excretion, thereby enhancing blood volume and blood pressure. The other options presented do not align with the primary indication for fludrocortisone use. Hypothyroidism is managed with thyroid hormone replacement therapy, hypertension may require different classes of antihypertensive medications rather than a mineralocorticoid, and type 2 diabetes management typically focuses on lifestyle changes and glucose-lowering medications rather than corticosteroids. Thus, fludrocortisone's role is distinctly centered on the management of adrenal insufficiency.