Professional and Linguistic Assessments Board (PLAB) Practice Exam

What condition is treated with dexamethasone?

1. Neurogenic shock

2. Cerebral edema

3. Leukemia

4. Multiple sclerosis

The correct answer is: Cerebral edema

Dexamethasone is a potent corticosteroid that is commonly used in the management of cerebral edema, particularly when edema is due to brain tumors, surgery, cerebral infarction, or traumatic brain injury. The drug acts by reducing inflammation and controlling excessive immune responses, which diminishes swelling and associated complications in the brain. In cases of cerebral edema, the use of dexamethasone helps to alleviate pressure on the brain, improving neurological function and reducing the risk of further complications. The rapid onset of action and efficacy in decreasing intracranial pressure makes it a preferred choice for managing this specific condition. The other conditions listed may have various treatment protocols, but they do not typically rely on dexamethasone in the same direct manner as cerebral edema. For instance, neurogenic shock would be managed with fluid resuscitation and vasopressors, leukemia often involves chemotherapy or targeted therapies, and multiple sclerosis treatment may include disease-modifying therapies and symptomatic treatments, where dexamethasone might be used in acute exacerbations but is not a standard treatment for the condition itself.