Professional and Linguistic Assessments Board (PLAB) Practice Exam

What is a common side effect of chlorpromazine?

1. Acute kidney injury

2. Galactorrhea

3. Severe dehydration

4. Hypertension

The correct answer is: Galactorrhea

Chlorpromazine is an antipsychotic medication that belongs to the phenothiazine class. One of the well-known side effects of chlorpromazine is galactorrhea, which is a condition characterized by the inappropriate production of milk from the breast tissue. This side effect occurs due to the drug’s ability to block dopamine receptors, particularly in the hypothalamus where dopamine normally inhibits prolactin release. When dopamine levels are reduced through receptor blockade, prolactin secretion increases, leading to galactorrhea. This side effect is particularly relevant in the context of hormonal balance and how antipsychotic medications can influence endocrine function. Galactorrhea can occur in both males and females and is an important clinical consideration when prescribing chlorpromazine, as it can lead to distress or concern for patients. Other options like acute kidney injury, severe dehydration, and hypertension are not typical direct effects of chlorpromazine. Acute kidney injury may arise from various factors, but it is not a common or direct side effect of chlorpromazine. Severe dehydration could occur due to different causes, but it is not a recognized side effect of chlorpromazine treatment. Hypertension is also not directly associated with chlorpromazine; in fact, it is