Professional and Linguistic Assessments Board (PLAB) Practice Exam

What is indicated by reddish blue swelling on the anus?

1. Pilonidal cyst

2. Hemorrhoids

3. Hematoma

4. Anal fissure

The correct answer is: Hematoma

Reddish blue swelling on the anus is indicative of a hematoma, which is a localized collection of blood outside of blood vessels that typically occurs due to trauma or injury. The swelling can appear bluish due to the presence of pooled blood that has not been reabsorbed by the body, leading to this characteristic discoloration. Hematomas in the anal area may result from a variety of factors, including straining during bowel movements, trauma from sitting for prolonged periods, or childbirth. The swelling usually presents as a firm, tender mass and is often painful, especially when sitting or during bowel movements. Other conditions associated with anal issues can present with swelling or discomfort, but they typically have different characteristics. For example, hemorrhoids are swollen veins in the anal area that can also cause pain but often manifest as bulging, itching, or bleeding, rather than a distinct reddish blue swelling prior to any bleeding. Pilonidal cysts typically occur at the sacrococcygeal area and are not characterized by such distinct swelling at the anal canal itself. Anal fissures usually lead to sharp pain during defecation and may cause small tears or cuts in the anal mucosa rather than create the nodular swelling seen with a hematoma