Professional and Linguistic Assessments Board (PLAB) Practice Exam

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What is the combination used for treating Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia?

Co-trimoxazole
Vancomycin and Gentamicin
Amoxicillin and Clavulanate
Ciprofloxacin and Metronidazole

The correct answer is: Co-trimoxazole

The combination used for treating Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, which is now referred to as Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia, is co-trimoxazole. This medication is a combination of sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim, which work synergistically to inhibit bacterial folic acid synthesis, thus effectively targeting the Pneumocystis jirovecii organism. Co-trimoxazole is considered the first-line treatment for this type of pneumonia, especially in immunocompromised patients, such as those with HIV/AIDS, where the risk of pneumonia caused by this organism is significantly elevated. The use of this combination allows for a broader spectrum of action against the infection and is well supported by clinical guidelines for treating Pneumocystis pneumonia. Other options presented are not appropriate for treating Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. For example, vancomycin and gentamicin are typically used for serious bacterial infections, not for Pneumocystis. Amoxicillin and clavulanate are effective against certain bacterial infections, whereas ciprofloxacin and metronidazole target different bacterial pathogens and protozoa, but do not have efficacy against the organism responsible for Pneumocystis pneumonia.