Professional and Linguistic Assessments Board (PLAB) Practice Exam

What is the first-line treatment for restless leg syndrome?

1. SSRIs

2. Dopamine agonists

3. Anticonvulsants

4. Opioids

The correct answer is: Dopamine agonists

The first-line treatment for restless leg syndrome (RLS) is dopamine agonists. These medications work by mimicking the action of dopamine, a neurotransmitter that is often deficient in patients with RLS. By stimulating dopamine receptors, dopamine agonists can help reduce the uncomfortable sensations in the legs and alleviate the urge to move, which are characteristic symptoms of the disorder. Dopamine agonists such as pramipexole and ropinirole have been shown to improve symptoms significantly, particularly in individuals who experience bothersome symptoms that affect their ability to sleep or their overall quality of life. The efficacy of these medications has made them the primary choice among healthcare providers for managing RLS. In the context of other options, SSRIs generally do not address the underlying dysfunction in dopamine pathways associated with RLS. Anticonvulsants may have a role in symptom management for certain cases, but they are often considered secondary to dopamine agonists. Opioids are not a first-line treatment due to concerns over potential dependency and are typically reserved for more severe cases when other treatments have failed.