Professional and Linguistic Assessments Board (PLAB) Practice Exam

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What is the first-line treatment for focal seizures?

Oxcarbazepine
Carbamazepine
Sodium valproate
Levetiracetam

The correct answer is: Carbamazepine

The first-line treatment for focal seizures is typically carbamazepine. This medication has a long history of use and has been well-studied for its efficacy in controlling focal seizures, especially in adult patients. Carbamazepine works by stabilizing the inactivated state of sodium channels, thereby reducing the neuronal excitability that can lead to seizures. Choosing carbamazepine as the primary treatment option is also supported by various clinical guidelines, indicating its effectiveness and recommending it as a preferred agent for managing these types of seizures. Other options, while also used to treat seizures, may not be prioritized in guidelines specifically for focal seizures.