Professional and Linguistic Assessments Board (PLAB) Practice Exam

What is the most common cause of infective exacerbations in COPD?

1. Mycoplasma pneumoniae

2. Streptococcus pneumoniae

3. Haemophilus influenzae

4. Escherichia coli

The correct answer is: Haemophilus influenzae

The most common cause of infective exacerbations in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is Haemophilus influenzae. In patients with COPD, respiratory infections are a significant precipitating factor for exacerbations, and certain bacteria have been identified as frequent culprits. Haemophilus influenzae is a gram-negative bacterium that commonly colonizes the respiratory tract, particularly in individuals with chronic respiratory conditions like COPD. It can cause more than just minor respiratory tract infections; it is particularly notorious for exacerbating pre-existing lung diseases. The presence of this pathogen can lead to increased inflammation, airway obstruction, and worsened lung function, thus resulting in an exacerbation. Other potential organisms, such as Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Streptococcus pneumoniae, and Escherichia coli, may also contribute to respiratory infections, but Haemophilus influenzae stands out as the most prevalent causative agent specifically tied to exacerbations in COPD patients. Understanding the role of these specific pathogens helps in guiding treatment strategies and anticipating complications in patients with COPD.