Professional and Linguistic Assessments Board (PLAB) Practice Exam

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What is the normal range for HCO3 in mEq/L?

20-24
22-29
25-30
27-32

The correct answer is: 22-29

The normal range for bicarbonate (HCO3) in the blood is typically considered to be between 22 to 29 mEq/L. Bicarbonate serves a crucial role in maintaining the body's acid-base balance, acting as a buffer to regulate pH levels in the blood. When assessing a patient's metabolic status, understanding the bicarbonate level helps in diagnosing conditions such as metabolic acidosis or metabolic alkalosis. Values outside this normal range can indicate underlying health issues. For instance, low bicarbonate levels may suggest metabolic acidosis, often seen in conditions like diabetic ketoacidosis or chronic kidney disease, while elevated levels may indicate metabolic alkalosis, which could occur in cases of chronic vomiting or excessive use of diuretics. Recognizing that bicarbonate levels within the specified normal range are essential for ensuring a proper physiological environment aids in effective clinical decision-making.