Professional and Linguistic Assessments Board (PLAB) Practice Exam

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What maternal condition can significantly increase the risk of abruptio placenta?

Chronic hypertension
Cocaine use
Obesity
Diabetes

The correct answer is: Cocaine use

Cocaine use is a significant risk factor for abruptio placenta due to its stimulant effects that can cause vasoconstriction, leading to decreased blood flow to the placenta. This decreases the overall oxygen and nutrient delivery, weakening the placental attachment to the uterine wall. Additionally, cocaine can trigger hypertensive crises in pregnant women, which further increases the risk of placental abruption. Abruptio placenta is a serious condition characterized by the premature separation of the placenta from the uterine lining, which can lead to maternal and fetal complications. While chronic hypertension, obesity, and diabetes can contribute to various pregnancy complications, they are not as directly linked to an increased risk of abruptio placenta as cocaine use. Chronic hypertension can lead to placental insufficiency, obesity can increase the likelihood of gestational hypertension, and diabetes is associated with increased risks for many conditions, but none have the specific mechanism leading to abruptio placenta as cocaine does. Understanding the different factors and their mechanisms helps emphasize the dangers of drug use during pregnancy.