Professional and Linguistic Assessments Board (PLAB) Practice Exam

What side effects are commonly caused by bendroflumethiazide?

1. Hypernatremia and hyperkalemia

2. Hyponatremia and hyokalemia

3. Hypomagnesemia and hyperkalemia

4. Hyperglycemia and hyponatremia

The correct answer is: Hyponatremia and hyokalemia

Bendroflumethiazide is a thiazide diuretic commonly used to treat high blood pressure and edema. It works by promoting the excretion of sodium and water through the kidneys, leading to a reduction in blood volume and subsequently lowering blood pressure. One of the key side effects commonly associated with thiazide diuretics, including bendroflumethiazide, is hyponatremia, which refers to a low concentration of sodium in the blood. This occurs due to the enhanced excretion of sodium through urine. Additionally, thiazide diuretics can cause hypokalemia, which is a decrease in potassium levels in the blood. The mechanism behind this side effect involves the renal handling of electrolytes, where increased sodium excretion fosters potassium loss, resulting in lower potassium levels. Thus, the answer that indicates hyponatremia and hypokalemia accurately reflects the expected biochemical changes in patients treated with bendroflumethiazide. Other options are less consistent with the known effects of this medication.