Professional and Linguistic Assessments Board (PLAB) Practice Exam

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What term describes the phenomenon where seizures start in a peripheral body part and spread?

  1. Jacksonian seizure

  2. Focal seizure

  3. Generalized seizure

  4. Myoclonic seizure

The correct answer is: Jacksonian seizure

The phenomenon where seizures start in a peripheral body part and spread is specifically referred to as a Jacksonian seizure. This type of seizure is a form of focal seizure that is characterized by the sequential progression of motor activity, often beginning in one area of the body, such as a finger or a hand, and then spreading to adjacent parts. This spread typically follows a specific pattern, aligning with the organization of the motor cortex in the brain, which explains why this type of seizure can manifest as a series of movements in a specific order. Focal seizures, as a broader category, do not necessarily describe the progressive spread of a seizure; they can remain confined to one area without the specific pattern associated with Jacksonian seizures. Generalized seizures involve both hemispheres of the brain from the onset and do not typically start in a peripheral region nor do they spread in a localized manner. Myoclonic seizures consist of sudden, brief jerks of muscles and do not involve the same spreading pattern seen in Jacksonian seizures. Understanding the distinction of Jacksonian seizures is essential for recognizing their clinical manifestations and for tailoring appropriate treatment strategies to manage the condition effectively.