Professional and Linguistic Assessments Board (PLAB) Practice Exam

What type of hernia is classified as being below and lateral to the pubic tubercle?

1. Inguinal hernia

2. Femoral hernia

3. Umbilical hernia

4. Incisional hernia

The correct answer is: Femoral hernia

A femoral hernia is classified as being below and lateral to the pubic tubercle, which is a critical landmark in understanding the anatomy of hernias. The pubic tubercle is part of the pubic bone and serves as an important reference point. In the case of a femoral hernia, the herniated tissue protrudes through the femoral canal, which is located inferior to the inguinal ligament. This positioning is what distinguishes it from inguinal hernias, which occur above the pubic tubercle and through the inguinal canal. Knowing the anatomical location helps in differentiating femoral hernias from other types, as they may present with distinct clinical features and implications for surgical management. Inguinal hernias typically arise above and medial to the pubic tubercle, umbilical hernias occur around the belly button, and incisional hernias develop at the site of a previous surgical incision. Understanding these anatomical relationships is crucial for both diagnosis and treatment.