Professional and Linguistic Assessments Board (PLAB) Practice Exam

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Which breath test is used for Helicobacter pylori detection?

C-12
C-13
C-14
C-15

The correct answer is: C-13

The breath test used for the detection of Helicobacter pylori is the C-13 urea breath test. This test involves the patient ingesting a substance containing carbon-13, which is a stable isotope of carbon. If Helicobacter pylori is present in the stomach, the bacteria metabolize the urea, producing carbon dioxide, which is enriched with the carbon-13 isotope. This altered breath sample can then be analyzed to confirm the presence of the bacteria. The use of carbon-13 is particularly beneficial as it does not pose any radiation risks associated with radioactive isotopes while still providing reliable diagnostic information. In contrast, other isotopes like carbon-14, although utilized in different types of testing, are not preferred for routine Helicobacter pylori detection due to their radioactive nature and potential health risks. Thus, the C-13 test is recognized for its safety and accuracy in diagnosing H. pylori infections, making it the standard choice in clinical settings.