Professional and Linguistic Assessments Board (PLAB) Practice Exam

Which condition can lead to squamous cell carcinoma as a consequence?

1. Lichen sclerosis

2. Lichen planus

3. Necrobiosis lipoidica

4. Ebstein's anomaly

The correct answer is: Lichen planus

Lichen planus is a chronic inflammatory condition affecting the skin and mucous membranes. It is characterized by the presence of flat-topped, purple, itchy lesions and can impact various areas such as the oral cavity. In some cases, chronic lichen planus can lead to changes in the keratinocytes of the skin or mucosal surfaces, resulting in dysplasia—a precancerous condition. The persistent inflammation and cellular changes associated with lichen planus can increase the risk of squamous cell carcinoma, particularly in areas where the lesions have been present for a long time. In contrast, lichen sclerosis is primarily known for its associations with skin atrophy and scarring, and while it can lead to squamous cell carcinoma, it is not the primary mechanism at play here. Necrobiosis lipoidica typically occurs in patients with diabetes and presents as a skin condition that does not have a well-established link to squamous cell carcinoma. Ebstein's anomaly is a congenital heart defect with no direct correlation to skin cancers. Understanding the implications of chronic inflammatory conditions like lichen planus is essential for recognizing their potential to progress to malignancy.