Professional and Linguistic Assessments Board (PLAB) Practice Exam

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Which hormones are typically investigated in cases of premature ovarian failure?

Estrogen and progesterone
Luteinizing hormone (LH) and Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
Testosterone and DHEA
Insulin and glucose

The correct answer is: Luteinizing hormone (LH) and Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)

In cases of premature ovarian failure, the investigation typically focuses on the levels of luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH). This is because these hormones are produced by the pituitary gland and play a crucial role in regulating the menstrual cycle and ovulation. In premature ovarian failure, the ovaries do not respond properly to these hormones, which leads to elevated levels of LH and FSH in the bloodstream. This is indicative of a primary ovarian issue rather than a problem with the hypothalamus or pituitary gland itself. While estrogen and progesterone are important hormones in the reproductive system, their levels might not be elevated in cases of ovarian failure because the ovaries are not functioning adequately to produce them. Testosterone and DHEA are more related to adrenal function and male characteristics, and insulin and glucose are more associated with metabolic conditions rather than directly with ovarian function. Therefore, the most relevant hormones for diagnosing premature ovarian failure are indeed LH and FSH.