Professional and Linguistic Assessments Board (PLAB) Practice Exam

Which imaging method is considered first-line for evaluating carotid artery stenosis?

1. CT scan

2. MRA (Magnetic Resonance Angiography)

3. Duplex ultrasound

4. Conventional angiography

The correct answer is: Duplex ultrasound

Duplex ultrasound is considered the first-line imaging method for evaluating carotid artery stenosis because it is non-invasive, widely available, and provides real-time information on blood flow and vessel anatomy. This method combines traditional ultrasound imaging with Doppler technology, allowing for the assessment of both the structure of the carotid arteries and the speed of blood flow within them. By measuring the velocity of blood flow, duplex ultrasound can effectively indicate the degree of stenosis present in the carotid arteries. It is particularly useful because it can be performed in an outpatient setting without the exposure to ionizing radiation, making it a safer option for patients. Additionally, duplex ultrasound is cost-effective compared to other imaging modalities. It helps in risk stratification and can effectively guide further management or treatment options, making it a preferred choice in clinical practice for patients suspected of having carotid artery stenosis.