Professional and Linguistic Assessments Board (PLAB) Practice Exam

Which medication is known to prolong life in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)?

1. Riluzole

2. Neldemedine

3. Edaravone

4. Baclofen

The correct answer is: Riluzole

Riluzole is the medication recognized for its ability to prolong survival in patients diagnosed with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). It works by inhibiting the release of glutamate, which is an excitatory neurotransmitter that can contribute to neuronal toxicity when present in excess. In ALS, the degeneration of motor neurons is a key feature, and by moderating glutamate levels, Riluzole helps to protect these vulnerable cells from damage. Clinical studies have shown that Riluzole may extend survival and delay the need for respiratory support in patients, making it a cornerstone treatment in managing ALS. In contrast, Neldemedine is primarily aimed at treating constipation resulting from opioid use and has no role in managing ALS. Edaravone, though it can offer some symptomatic benefits and may slow the decline in physical functioning, it does not specifically prolong life to the same extent as Riluzole. Baclofen is a muscle relaxant used to treat spasticity but does not have a proven effect on the progression or survival in ALS. Each of these other medications carries out different functions and does not target the underlying pathophysiology of ALS to improve survival significantly.