Professional and Linguistic Assessments Board (PLAB) Practice Exam

Which neurological condition is indicated by unilateral vision and headache disturbances along with an obesity factor?

1. Intracranial hypertension

2. Cluster headaches

3. Tension headaches

4. Migraine

The correct answer is: Intracranial hypertension

The indication of unilateral vision disturbances, headaches, and an obesity factor suggests a condition where pressure within the cranial cavity is elevated. Intracranial hypertension, also known as idiopathic intracranial hypertension or pseudotumor cerebri, commonly presents with symptoms such as headaches, vision changes, and can be associated with obesity. The headache is often described as being persistent and worsening with activities that increase intracranial pressure, such as straining or bending over. The presence of obesity is a significant risk factor for developing this condition, making it a strong contributor to the symptoms presented. In contrast, conditions like cluster headaches, tension headaches, and migraines have different symptom profiles and unassociated risk factors. Cluster headaches typically involve severe unilateral pain focused around the eye but do not usually include vision disturbances or obesity as a primary factor. Tension headaches are generally bilateral and related to muscle tension rather than increased intracranial pressure. Migraines can also have unilateral presentation and visual disturbances, but they do not primarily connect with obesity as a risk factor as strongly as intracranial hypertension does. Thus, the combination of unilateral vision disturbances, headaches, and obesity most accurately points to intracranial hypertension.