Professional and Linguistic Assessments Board (PLAB) Practice Exam

Which of the following is NOT a part of the treatment for acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)?

1. Positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP)

2. Diuresis

3. Oxygen therapy

4. Treatment of underlying disease

The correct answer is: Oxygen therapy

In the context of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), oxygen therapy is indeed a critical component of treatment, as it aims to increase oxygen saturation in the blood and improve the oxygen supply to tissues. ARDS is characterized by severe inflammation and increased permeability in the lung tissues, leading to impaired gas exchange. Therefore, providing supplemental oxygen becomes essential to manage hypoxemia, which is a hallmark of the condition. The other options each represent treatments that are integral to managing ARDS. Positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) helps maintain alveolar recruitment and prevents collapse, facilitating better gas exchange. Diuresis may be appropriate in managing fluid overload due to ARDS, particularly in patients with associated conditions like congestive heart failure. Treatment of the underlying disease is crucial for addressing the cause of ARDS, whether it be sepsis, pneumonia, or trauma, to improve outcomes. Thus, recognizing the role of oxygen therapy clarifies its importance in the comprehensive management approach to ARDS, while indicating it is certainly part of the treatment protocol.