Professional and Linguistic Assessments Board (PLAB) Practice Exam

Which of the following is a potential complication of untreated status epilepticus?

1. Long-term memory loss

2. Increased appetite

3. Weight gain

4. Loss of sensation in limbs

The correct answer is: Long-term memory loss

Untreated status epilepticus can lead to long-term memory loss due to the prolonged seizure activity and associated disruptions in brain function. When seizures continue without interruption, there can be significant neurotoxic effects and compromised cerebral perfusion, which can lead to neuronal injury. This damage is particularly concerning in areas of the brain associated with memory consolidation, such as the hippocampus. Additionally, prolonged seizure episodes may also result in hypoxia, metabolic derangements, and other systemic complications that further contribute to cognitive deficits, including difficulties with memory retention and recall. In contrast, the other options do not directly arise as complications of status epilepticus. Increased appetite and weight gain are generally not associated with seizure activity, while loss of sensation in limbs pertains more to neurological damage or specific localized issues than to the general impact of prolonged seizure episodes. Therefore, long-term memory loss represents a significant and relevant consequence of this medical emergency.