Professional and Linguistic Assessments Board (PLAB) Practice Exam

Which term is defined as severe restlessness that can occur in various conditions, including medication side effects?

1. Akathisia

2. Dystonia

3. Restless leg syndrome

4. Bradykinesia

The correct answer is: Akathisia

The term defined as severe restlessness that can occur in various conditions, including medication side effects, is akathisia. This condition is characterized by an inner sense of agitation and a compelling need to be in constant motion, which can lead individuals to fidget or pace. Akathisia is often associated with the use of antipsychotic medications or other pharmacological treatments that affect dopamine pathways in the brain. The restlessness is not just a feeling of being restless; it is a distressing sensation that impacts a person's ability to remain still. In contrast, dystonia refers to sustained muscle contractions, leading to abnormal postures or movements, which is different from restlessness. Restless leg syndrome is a condition typically characterized by uncomfortable sensations in the legs and an urgency to move, particularly at night, but it is differentiated from akathisia by the absence of the severe inner restlessness and agitation found in akathisia. Bradykinesia involves slowed movements and can occur in conditions such as Parkinson's disease, which again doesn't correlate with the restlessness described in the question. Thus, akathisia is the correct term for the severe restlessness presented.